Init nand2tetris

2023-03-22 19:51:12 +01:00
commit 4c52d4ba55
496 changed files with 88269 additions and 0 deletions
--- a/projects/09/Average/Main.jack
+++ b/projects/09/Average/Main.jack
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+// This file is part of www.nand2tetris.org
+// and the book "The Elements of Computing Systems"
+// by Nisan and Schocken, MIT Press.
+// File name: projects/09/Average/Main.jack
+
+// Inputs some numbers and computes their average
+class Main {
+   function void main() {
+      var Array a; 
+      var int length;
+      var int i, sum;
+
+      let length = Keyboard.readInt("How many numbers? ");
+      let a = Array.new(length); // constructs the array
+     
+      let i = 0;
+      while (i < length) {
+         let a[i] = Keyboard.readInt("Enter a number: ");
+         let sum = sum + a[i];
+         let i = i + 1;
+      }
+
+      do Output.printString("The average is ");
+      do Output.printInt(sum / length);
+      return;
+   }
+}
--- a/projects/09/BitmapEditor/BitmapEditor.html
+++ b/projects/09/BitmapEditor/BitmapEditor.html
@@ -0,0 +1,200 @@
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
+        "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
+<html>
+<head>
+    <title>Sokoban Bitmap Editor</title>
+    <script type="text/javascript">
+        var grid = new Array(0);
+
+        function Init() {
+            grid = InitGrid();
+            DisplayGrid();            
+        }
+
+        function InitGrid() {
+            var _grid = new Array(16);
+            for (i=0; i<16; i++) {
+                _grid[i] = new Array(16);
+                for (j=0; j<16; j++) {
+                    _grid[i][j]=false;
+                }
+            }
+            return _grid;
+        }
+
+        function RotateBitmapRight() {
+            var _grid = InitGrid();
+
+            for (i=0; i<16; i++) {
+                for (j=0; j<16; j++) {
+                    _grid[j][15-i]=grid[i][j];
+                }
+            }
+            
+            grid = _grid;
+            DisplayGrid();
+        }
+
+        function MirrorBitmap() {
+            var _grid = InitGrid();
+
+            for (i=0; i<16; i++) {
+                for (j=0; j<16; j++) {
+                    _grid[i][15-j]=grid[i][j];
+                }
+            }
+
+            grid = _grid;
+            DisplayGrid();
+        }
+        
+        function DisplayGrid() {
+            var str = "<table border=1 cellspacing=0>";
+            var i,j, backgroundColor;
+            for (i=-1; i<16; i++) {
+                str=str+"<tr>";
+                for (j=-1; j<16; j++) {
+                    if (i == -1 && j != -1) {
+                        str=str+"<td>" + (j+1) + "</td>";
+                    } else if (i != -1 && j == -1) {
+                        str=str+"<td>" + (i+1) + "</td>";
+                    } else if (i ==-1 && j == -1) {
+                        str=str+"<td/>";
+                    } else {
+
+                        if (grid[i][j] == true)
+                            backgroundColor = "black";
+                        else
+                            backgroundColor = "white";
+
+                        str=str+"<td onclick=\"OnCellClicked(this)\" id="; str=str+(i*16+j); str=str+" width=16 height=16 bgcolor=" + backgroundColor + "></td>";
+                    }                                        
+                }
+                str=str+"</tr>";
+            }
+            str=str+"</table>"
+
+            gridElement = document.getElementById('grid');
+            gridElement.innerHTML = str;
+            GenerateBitMap() ;
+        }
+
+        function OnCellClicked(cell) {
+            var i = cell.id / 16 |0;
+            var j = cell.id - i*16;
+            grid[i][j] = !grid[i][j];
+            if (grid[i][j])
+                cell.style.backgroundColor = "black";
+            else
+                cell.style.backgroundColor = "white";
+            GenerateBitMap();
+        }
+
+        function GenerateBitMap() {
+            var i, j;
+            var value;
+
+            var functionTypeSelect = document.getElementById('functionType');            
+            methodType = functionTypeSelect.options[functionTypeSelect.selectedIndex].value;
+
+            generateCode = document.getElementById('generatedCode');
+            generateCode.value =    methodType + " void " +
+                                    document.getElementById('functionName').value +
+                                    "(int location) {\n\tlet memAddress = 16384+location;\n";
+
+            for (i=0; i<16; i++) {
+                //get grid binary representation
+                binary = "";
+                for (j=0; j<16; j++) {
+                    if (grid[i][j])
+                        binary = "1" + binary;
+                    else
+                        binary = "0" + binary;
+                }
+              
+                isNegative = false;
+                //if number is negative, get its  one's complement
+                if (binary[0] == "1") {
+                    isNegative = true;
+                    oneComplement = "";
+                    for (k=0; k<16; k++) {
+                        if (binary[k] == "1")
+                            oneComplement = oneComplement + "0";
+                        else
+                            oneComplement = oneComplement + "1";
+                    }
+                    binary = oneComplement;                 
+                }
+                
+                //calculate one's complement decimal value
+                value = 0;
+                for (k=0; k<16; k++) {
+                    value = value * 2;
+                    if (binary[k] == "1")
+                        value=value+1;
+                }                
+
+                //two's complement value if it is a negative value
+                if (isNegative == true)
+                    value = -(value + 1)
+
+                generateCode.value = generateCode.value + GenerateCodeLine(i, value);
+            }
+
+            generateCode.value = generateCode.value + "\treturn;\n}";
+        }
+
+        function GenerateCodeLine(row, value) {
+            str = "\tdo Memory.poke(memAddress+" + row*32 + ", " + value + ");\n";
+            return str;
+        }
+    </script>
+</head>
+<body onload="Init();">
+    <h4><i>IDC Herzliya / Efi Arazi School of Computer Science / Digital Systems Construction, Spring 2011 / Project 09 / Golan Parashi</i></h4>
+    <h1>Sokoban Bitmap Editor</h1>
+    <p>This javascript applicaiton is used to generate highly optimized jack code for drawing a 16x16 bitmap to the screen.</p>
+    <p>Using the mouse, click the desired cell to mark/unmark it. You may use 90 degrees rotation and vertical mirroring by<br>
+    clicking the appropriate buttons.</p>
+    <p>When you are finished drawing, you may select function type and enter function's name.</p>
+    <p>
+    <table>
+        <thead>
+            <tr>
+                <th align="left">Bitmap</th>
+                <th align="left"></th>
+                <th align="left">Generated Jack Code</th>
+            </tr>
+        </thead>
+        <tr>
+            <td><div id="grid"/></td>
+            <td>
+                <form action="javascript:GenerateBitMap();">
+                    <table>
+                        <tr><td align="left">Function Type:</td></tr>
+                        <tr><td align="center">
+                                <select id="functionType" onChange="GenerateBitMap()">
+                                    <option value="function" selected="selected">function</option>
+                                    <option value="method">method</option>                                    
+                                </select>
+                        </td></tr>
+                        <tr><td align="left">Function Name:</td></tr>
+                        <tr><td align="left"><input type="text" value="draw" id="functionName" onkeyup="GenerateBitMap()"/></td></tr>
+                        <tr><td></td></tr>
+                        <tr><td align="center"><input type="button" value="Generate Code >>" onclick="GenerateBitMap()"/></td></tr>
+                    </table>
+                </form>
+            </td>
+            <td><textarea id="generatedCode" cols="50" rows="20" readonly="read-only"></textarea></td>                                
+        </tr>
+        <tr>
+            <table>
+                <tr>
+                    <td align="center"><input type="button" value="Rotate right" onclick="RotateBitmapRight()"/></td>
+                    <td align="center"><input type="button" value="Vertical Mirror" onclick="MirrorBitmap()"/></td>
+                </tr>
+            </table>
+        </tr>
+    </table>
+</body>
+</html>
--- a/projects/09/BitmapEditor/BitmapEditor.iml
+++ b/projects/09/BitmapEditor/BitmapEditor.iml
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<module type="JAVA_MODULE" version="4">
+  <component name="NewModuleRootManager" inherit-compiler-output="true">
+    <exclude-output />
+    <content url="file://$MODULE_DIR$" />
+    <orderEntry type="inheritedJdk" />
+    <orderEntry type="sourceFolder" forTests="false" />
+  </component>
+</module>
+
--- a/projects/09/Fraction/Fraction.jack
+++ b/projects/09/Fraction/Fraction.jack
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+// This file is part of www.nand2tetris.org
+// and the book "The Elements of Computing Systems"
+// by Nisan and Schocken, MIT Press.
+// File name: projects/09/Fraction/Fraction.jack
+
+/** Represents the Fraction type and related operations. */
+class Fraction {
+   field int numerator, denominator;  // field = property = member variable.
+  
+   /** Constructs a (reduced) fraction from the given numerator and denominator. */
+   constructor Fraction new(int x, int y) {
+      let numerator = x;
+      let denominator = y;
+      do reduce();   // reduces the fraction
+      return this;   // a constructor is expected to return a reference to the new object
+   }
+
+   // Reduces this fraction.
+   method void reduce() {
+      var int g;
+      let g = Fraction.gcd(numerator, denominator);
+      if (g > 1) {
+         let numerator = numerator / g;
+         let denominator = denominator / g;
+      }
+      return;
+   }
+
+   /** Accessors. */
+   method int getNumerator() { return numerator; }
+   method int getDenominator() { return denominator; }  
+
+   /** Returns the sum of this fraction and the other one. */
+   method Fraction plus(Fraction other) {
+      var int sum;
+      let sum = (numerator * other.getDenominator()) + (other.getNumerator() * denominator);
+      return Fraction.new(sum, denominator * other.getDenominator());
+   }
+
+   // More fraction-related methods (minus, times, div, etc.) can be added here.
+  
+   /** Disposes this fraction. */
+   method void dispose() {
+      do Memory.deAlloc(this);  // uses an OS routine to recycle the memory held by the object
+      return;
+   }
+   
+   /** Prints this fraction in the format x/y. */
+   method void print() {
+      do Output.printInt(numerator);
+      do Output.printString("/");
+      do Output.printInt(denominator);
+      return;
+   }
+
+   // Computes the greatest common divisor of the given integers.
+   function int gcd(int a, int b) {
+      var int r;
+      while (~(b = 0)) {             // applies Euclid's algorithm
+         let r = a - (b * (a / b));  // r = remainder of the integer division a/b
+         let a = b; let b = r;
+      }
+      return a;
+   }
+}
--- a/projects/09/Fraction/Main.jack
+++ b/projects/09/Fraction/Main.jack
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+// This file is part of www.nand2tetris.org
+// and the book "The Elements of Computing Systems"
+// by Nisan and Schocken, MIT Press.
+// File name: projects/09/Fraction/Main.jack
+
+// Computes the sum of 2/3 and 1/5.
+class Main {
+   function void main() {
+      var Fraction a, b, c;        
+      let a = Fraction.new(2,3);  
+      let b = Fraction.new(1,5);  
+      let c = a.plus(b);  // Computes c = a + b
+      do c.print();       // Prints "13/15"
+      return;
+   }
+}
--- a/projects/09/HelloWorld/Main.jack
+++ b/projects/09/HelloWorld/Main.jack
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+// This file is part of www.nand2tetris.org
+// and the book "The Elements of Computing Systems"
+// by Nisan and Schocken, MIT Press.
+// File name: projects/09/HelloWorld/Main.jack
+
+/** Hello World program. */
+class Main {
+   function void main() {
+      /* Prints some text using the standard library. */
+      do Output.printString("Hello world!");
+      do Output.println();      // New line
+      return;
+   }
+}
--- a/projects/09/Jack
+++ b/projects/09/Jack
--- a/projects/09/List/List.jack
+++ b/projects/09/List/List.jack
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+// This file is part of www.nand2tetris.org
+// and the book "The Elements of Computing Systems"
+// by Nisan and Schocken, MIT Press.
+// File name: projects/09/List/List.jack
+
+/** Represents a linked list of integers. */
+class List {
+    field int data;          // a list consists of a data field,
+    field List next;         // followed by a list
+
+    /* Creates a List. */
+    constructor List new(int car, List cdr) {
+        let data = car;       // the identifiers car and cdr are used in 
+        let next = cdr;       // memory of the Lisp programming language
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /** Accessors. */
+    method int getData() { return data; }
+    method int getNext() { return next; }
+
+    /** Prints this list. */
+    method void print() {
+        var List current;    // initializes current to the first item
+        let current = this;  // of this list
+        while (~(current = null)) {
+            do Output.printInt(current.getData());
+            do Output.printChar(32); // prints a space
+            let current = current.getNext();
+        }
+        return;
+    }
+
+    /** Disposes this List by recursively disposing its tail. */
+    method void dispose() {
+        if (~(next = null)) {
+            do next.dispose();
+        }
+        // Uses an OS routine to recycle this object.
+        do Memory.deAlloc(this);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // More list processing methods can come here.
+
+}
--- a/projects/09/List/Main.jack
+++ b/projects/09/List/Main.jack
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+// This file is part of www.nand2tetris.org
+// and the book "The Elements of Computing Systems"
+// by Nisan and Schocken, MIT Press.
+// File name: projects/09/List/Main.jack
+
+/** Demonstrates the use of the List abstraction. */
+class Main {
+   function void main() {
+      // Creates and uses the list (2,3,5).
+      var List v;
+      let v = List.new(5,null);
+      let v = List.new(2,List.new(3,v));
+      do v.print();        // prints 2 3 5 
+      do v.dispose();      // disposes the list
+      return;
+   }
+}
--- a/projects/09/Square/Main.jack
+++ b/projects/09/Square/Main.jack
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+// This file is part of www.nand2tetris.org
+// and the book "The Elements of Computing Systems"
+// by Nisan and Schocken, MIT Press.
+// File name: projects/09/Square/Main.jack
+
+/** Initializes a new Square Dance game and starts running it. */
+class Main {
+    function void main() {
+        var SquareGame game;
+        let game = SquareGame.new();
+        do game.run();
+        do game.dispose();
+        return;
+    }
+}
--- a/projects/09/Square/Square.jack
+++ b/projects/09/Square/Square.jack
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+// This file is part of www.nand2tetris.org
+// and the book "The Elements of Computing Systems"
+// by Nisan and Schocken, MIT Press.
+// File name: projects/09/Square/Square.jack
+
+/** Implements a graphical square. */
+class Square {
+
+   field int x, y; // screen location of the square's top-left corner
+   field int size; // length of this square, in pixels
+
+   /** Constructs a new square with a given location and size. */
+   constructor Square new(int Ax, int Ay, int Asize) {
+      let x = Ax;
+      let y = Ay;
+      let size = Asize;
+      do draw();
+      return this;
+   }
+
+   /** Disposes this square. */
+   method void dispose() {
+      do Memory.deAlloc(this);
+      return;
+   }
+
+   /** Draws the square on the screen. */
+   method void draw() {
+      do Screen.setColor(true);
+      do Screen.drawRectangle(x, y, x + size, y + size);
+      return;
+   }
+
+   /** Erases the square from the screen. */
+   method void erase() {
+      do Screen.setColor(false);
+      do Screen.drawRectangle(x, y, x + size, y + size);
+      return;
+   }
+
+    /** Increments the square size by 2 pixels. */
+   method void incSize() {
+      if (((y + size) < 254) & ((x + size) < 510)) {
+         do erase();
+         let size = size + 2;
+         do draw();
+      }
+      return;
+   }
+
+   /** Decrements the square size by 2 pixels. */
+   method void decSize() {
+      if (size > 2) {
+         do erase();
+         let size = size - 2;
+         do draw();
+      }
+      return;
+   }
+
+   /** Moves the square up by 2 pixels. */
+   method void moveUp() {
+      if (y > 1) {
+         do Screen.setColor(false);
+         do Screen.drawRectangle(x, (y + size) - 1, x + size, y + size);
+         let y = y - 2;
+         do Screen.setColor(true);
+         do Screen.drawRectangle(x, y, x + size, y + 1);
+      }
+      return;
+   }
+
+   /** Moves the square down by 2 pixels. */
+   method void moveDown() {
+      if ((y + size) < 254) {
+         do Screen.setColor(false);
+         do Screen.drawRectangle(x, y, x + size, y + 1);
+         let y = y + 2;
+         do Screen.setColor(true);
+         do Screen.drawRectangle(x, (y + size) - 1, x + size, y + size);
+      }
+      return;
+   }
+
+   /** Moves the square left by 2 pixels. */
+   method void moveLeft() {
+      if (x > 1) {
+         do Screen.setColor(false);
+         do Screen.drawRectangle((x + size) - 1, y, x + size, y + size);
+         let x = x - 2;
+         do Screen.setColor(true);
+         do Screen.drawRectangle(x, y, x + 1, y + size);
+      }
+      return;
+   }
+
+   /** Moves the square right by 2 pixels. */
+   method void moveRight() {
+      if ((x + size) < 510) {
+         do Screen.setColor(false);
+         do Screen.drawRectangle(x, y, x + 1, y + size);
+         let x = x + 2;
+         do Screen.setColor(true);
+         do Screen.drawRectangle((x + size) - 1, y, x + size, y + size);
+      }
+      return;
+   }
+}
--- a/projects/09/Square/SquareGame.jack
+++ b/projects/09/Square/SquareGame.jack
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+// This file is part of www.nand2tetris.org
+// and the book "The Elements of Computing Systems"
+// by Nisan and Schocken, MIT Press.
+// File name: projects/09/Square/SquareGame.jack
+
+/**
+ * Implements the Square Dance game.
+ * This simple game allows the user to move a black square around
+ * the screen, and change the square's size during the movement.
+ * When the game starts, a square of 30 by 30 pixels is shown at the
+ * top-left corner of the screen. The user controls the square as follows.
+ * The 4 arrow keys are used to move the square up, down, left, and right.
+ * The 'z' and 'x' keys are used, respectively, to decrement and increment
+ * the square's size. The 'q' key is used to quit the game.
+ */
+
+class SquareGame {
+   field Square square; // the square of this game
+   field int direction; // the square's current direction: 
+                        // 0=none, 1=up, 2=down, 3=left, 4=right
+
+   /** Constructs a new Square Game. */
+   constructor SquareGame new() {
+      // Creates a 30 by 30 pixels square and positions it at the top-left
+      // of the screen.
+      let square = Square.new(0, 0, 30);
+      let direction = 0;  // initial state is no movement
+      return this;
+   }
+
+   /** Disposes this game. */
+   method void dispose() {
+      do square.dispose();
+      do Memory.deAlloc(this);
+      return;
+   }
+
+   /** Moves the square in the current direction. */
+   method void moveSquare() {
+      if (direction = 1) { do square.moveUp(); }
+      if (direction = 2) { do square.moveDown(); }
+      if (direction = 3) { do square.moveLeft(); }
+      if (direction = 4) { do square.moveRight(); }
+      do Sys.wait(5);  // delays the next movement
+      return;
+   }
+
+   /** Runs the game: handles the user's inputs and moves the square accordingly */
+   method void run() {
+      var char key;  // the key currently pressed by the user
+      var boolean exit;
+      let exit = false;
+      
+      while (~exit) {
+         // waits for a key to be pressed
+         while (key = 0) {
+            let key = Keyboard.keyPressed();
+            do moveSquare();
+         }
+         if (key = 81)  { let exit = true; }     // q key
+         if (key = 90)  { do square.decSize(); } // z key
+         if (key = 88)  { do square.incSize(); } // x key
+         if (key = 131) { let direction = 1; }   // up arrow
+         if (key = 133) { let direction = 2; }   // down arrow
+         if (key = 130) { let direction = 3; }   // left arrow
+         if (key = 132) { let direction = 4; }   // right arrow
+
+         // waits for the key to be released
+         while (~(key = 0)) {
+            let key = Keyboard.keyPressed();
+            do moveSquare();
+         }
+     } // while
+     return;
+   }
+}
+
+
+