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3
.gitignore
vendored
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.gitignore
vendored
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*.log
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*.synctex
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*.aux
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%!TEX root=MathematikFHTW.tex
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\chapter{Lineare Algebra}
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\chapter{Lineare Algebra}
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\section{Vektoren in der Ebene - Übersicht}
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\section{Vektoren in der Ebene - Übersicht}
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@@ -28,4 +29,4 @@
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\input{LineareAbhaengigkeit_von_n_dimensionalen_Vektoren.tex}
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\input{LineareAbhaengigkeit_von_n_dimensionalen_Vektoren.tex}
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\input{Laenge_eines_n_dimensionalen_Vektors.tex}%%04_1%%
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\input{Laenge_eines_n_dimensionalen_Vektors.tex}%%04_1%%
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\input{N_Dimensionale_Einheitsvektoren.tex}%%04_1%%
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\input{N_Dimensionale_Einheitsvektoren.tex}%%04_1%%
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\input{Skalarprodukt_von_zwei_n_dimensionalen_Vektoren.tex}%%04_1%%
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\input{Skalarprodukt_von_zwei_n_dimensionalen_Vektoren.tex} \input{Oeffnungswinkel_zwischen_zwei_n_dimensionalen_Vektoren.tex}%
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@@ -3,19 +3,19 @@
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Sei $x=\sum\limits_{k=0}^{\infty}\left( -1\right) ^{k}\frac{1}{k};$ \ $\widetilde{x}= \sum\limits_{k=0}^{4}\left( -1\right) ^{k}\frac{1}{k!}$
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Sei $x=\sum\limits_{k=0}^{\infty}\left( -1\right) ^{k}\frac{1}{k};$ \ $\widetilde{x}= \sum\limits_{k=0}^{4}\left( -1\right) ^{k}\frac{1}{k!}$
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\begin{description}
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\begin{description}
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\item[a.] Mit Hilfe von welcher speziellen Funktion l\"{a}\ss t sich $x$ genau beschreiben? Wie? (Tip: 3.3.5)
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\item[a.] Mit Hilfe von welcher speziellen Funktion läßt sich $x$ genau beschreiben? Wie? (Tip: 3.3.5)
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\item[b.] Berechnen Sie $\widetilde{x}$.
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\item[b.] Berechnen Sie $\displaystyle \widetilde{x}$.
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\item[c.] Geben Sie einen absoluten H\"{o}chstfehler von $\widetilde{x}$ an.
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\item[c.] Geben Sie einen absoluten Höchstfehler von $\widetilde{x}$ an.
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(Tip: 3.2.7)
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(Tip: 3.2.7)
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\end{description}
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\end{description}
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\subsection{Lösung}
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\subsection{Lösung}
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\begin{description}
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\begin{description}
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\item[a.] $\exp(z)=\sum\limits_{k=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{k!}z^{k}$ \ $\Longrightarrow$ \ \ $x=\sum\limits_{k=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{k!}(-1)^{k}=\exp(-1)=\underline{\underline{\frac{1}{e}}}$
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\item[a.] $\displaystyle \exp(z)=\sum\limits_{k=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{k!}z^{k}$ \ $\Longrightarrow$ \ \ $x=\sum\limits_{k=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{k!}(-1)^{k}=\exp(-1)=\underline{\underline{\frac{1}{e}}}$
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\item[b.] $\widetilde{x}=\sum\limits_{k=0}^{4}\frac{1}{k!}(-1)^{k}=\allowbreak 1-1+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{6}+\frac{1}{24}=\frac{12-4+1}{24}=\allowbreak\frac{9}{24}=\frac{3}{8}=\allowbreak\underline{\underline{0.375}}\,$
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\item[b.] $\displaystyle \widetilde{x}=\sum\limits_{k=0}^{4}\frac{1}{k!}(-1)^{k}=\allowbreak 1-1+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{6}+\frac{1}{24}=\frac{12-4+1}{24}=\allowbreak\frac{9}{24}=\frac{3}{8}=\allowbreak\underline{\underline{0.375}}\,$
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\item[c.] Da die vorliegende Reihe eine alternierende Reihe ist, gilt $|x-\widetilde{x}|\leq\frac{1}{5!}=\frac{1}{120}=8.\overline{3}\cdot 10^{-3}$. Damit ist $\underline{\underline{\alpha_x=8.\overline{3}\cdot 10^{-3}}}$ ein absoluter Höchstfehler von $\widetilde{x}$.
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\item[c.] Da die vorliegende Reihe eine alternierende Reihe ist, gilt $\displaystyle |x-\widetilde{x}|\leq\frac{1}{5!}=\frac{1}{120}=8.\overline{3}\cdot 10^{-3}$. Damit ist $\underline{\underline{\alpha_x=8.\overline{3}\cdot 10^{-3}}}$ ein absoluter Höchstfehler von $\widetilde{x}$.
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\end{description}
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\end{description}
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\section{Aufgabe 125}
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\section{Aufgabe 125}
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Gegeben sei das eindeutig lösbare lineare Gleichungssystem $\ A\cdot
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Gegeben sei das eindeutig lösbare lineare Gleichungssystem $\displaystyle A\cdot
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\overrightarrow{x}=\overrightarrow{b}$ mit
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\overrightarrow{x}=\overrightarrow{b}$ mit
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$A=\left(
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$\displaystyle A=\left(
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\begin{array}
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\begin{array}
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[c]{cccccc}%
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[c]{cccccc}%
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4 & -1 & 0 & -1 & 0 & 0\\
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4 & -1 & 0 & -1 & 0 & 0\\
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@@ -26,48 +26,48 @@ $A=\left(
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\right) $
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\right) $
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\begin{itemize}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item[a.] Sei $\overrightarrow{x}^{\left( 0\right) }=\overrightarrow{0}$.
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\item[a.] Sei $\displaystyle \overrightarrow{x}^{\left( 0\right) }=\overrightarrow{0}$.
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Berechnen Sie die Näherungslösung $\overrightarrow{x}^{\left(
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Berechnen Sie die Näherungslösung $\displaystyle \overrightarrow{x}^{\left(
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3\right) }$ des Systems, die man nach 3 Schritten des
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3\right) }$ des Systems, die man nach 3 Schritten des
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Gesamtschrittverfahrens erhält.
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Gesamtschrittverfahrens erhält.
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\item[b.] Zeigen Sie, daß das Gesamtschrittverfahren konvergiert.
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\item[b.] Zeigen Sie, daß das Gesamtschrittverfahren konvergiert.
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\item[c.] Führen Sie eine Apeoteriori-Fehlerabschätzung für
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\item[c.] Führen Sie eine Apeoteriori-Fehlerabschätzung für
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$\overrightarrow{x}^{\left( 3\right) }$\ durch.
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$\displaystyle \overrightarrow{x}^{\left( 3\right) }$\ durch.
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\item[d.] Führen Sie eine Apriori-Fehlerabschätzung für
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\item[d.] Führen Sie eine Apriori-Fehlerabschätzung für
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$\overrightarrow{x}^{\left( 10\right) }$ durch.
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$\displaystyle \overrightarrow{x}^{\left( 10\right) }$ durch.
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\end{itemize}
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\end{itemize}
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\subsection{Lösung}
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\subsection{Lösung}
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\begin{itemize}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item[a.] Rechenvorschriften:\newline$x_{1}^{\left( Z\right) }=\frac{1}%
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\item[a.] Rechenvorschriften:\newline$\displaystyle x_{1}^{\left( Z\right) }=\frac{1}%
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{4}\left( 2+x_{2}^{\left( Z-1\right) }+x_{4}^{\left( Z-1\right) }\right)
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{4}\left( 2+x_{2}^{\left( Z-1\right) }+x_{4}^{\left( Z-1\right) }\right)
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=\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}x_{2}^{\left( Z-1\right) }+\frac{1}{4}x_{4}^{\left(
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=\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}x_{2}^{\left( Z-1\right) }+\frac{1}{4}x_{4}^{\left(
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Z-1\right) }$\newline$x_{2}^{\left( Z\right) }=\frac{1}{4}\left(
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Z-1\right) }$\newline$\displaystyle x_{2}^{\left( Z\right) }=\frac{1}{4}\left(
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1+x_{1}^{\left( Z-1\right) }+x_{3}^{\left( Z-1\right) }+x_{5}^{\left(
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1+x_{1}^{\left( Z-1\right) }+x_{3}^{\left( Z-1\right) }+x_{5}^{\left(
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Z-1\right) }\right) =\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4}x_{1}^{\left( Z-1\right)
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Z-1\right) }\right) =\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4}x_{1}^{\left( Z-1\right)
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}+\frac{1}{4}x_{3}^{\left( Z-1\right) }+\frac{1}{4}x_{5}^{\left(
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}+\frac{1}{4}x_{3}^{\left( Z-1\right) }+\frac{1}{4}x_{5}^{\left(
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Z-1\right) }$\newline$x_{3}^{\left( Z\right) }=\frac{1}{4}\left(
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Z-1\right) }$\newline$\displaystyle x_{3}^{\left( Z\right) }=\frac{1}{4}\left(
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2+x_{2}^{\left( Z-1\right) }+x_{6}^{\left( Z-1\right) }\right) =\frac
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2+x_{2}^{\left( Z-1\right) }+x_{6}^{\left( Z-1\right) }\right) =\frac
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{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}x_{2}^{\left( Z-1\right) }+\frac{1}{4}x_{6}^{\left(
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{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}x_{2}^{\left( Z-1\right) }+\frac{1}{4}x_{6}^{\left(
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Z-1\right) }$\newline$x_{4}^{\left( Z\right) }=\frac{1}{4}\left(
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Z-1\right) }$\newline$\displaystyle x_{4}^{\left( Z\right) }=\frac{1}{4}\left(
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2+x_{1}^{\left( Z-1\right) }+x_{5}^{\left( Z-1\right) }\right) =\frac
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2+x_{1}^{\left( Z-1\right) }+x_{5}^{\left( Z-1\right) }\right) =\frac
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{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}x_{1}^{\left( Z-1\right) }+\frac{1}{4}x_{5}^{\left(
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{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}x_{1}^{\left( Z-1\right) }+\frac{1}{4}x_{5}^{\left(
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Z-1\right) }$\newline$x_{5}^{\left( Z\right) }=\frac{1}{4}\left(
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Z-1\right) }$\newline$\displaystyle x_{5}^{\left( Z\right) }=\frac{1}{4}\left(
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1+x_{2}^{\left( Z-1\right) }+x_{4}^{\left( Z-1\right) }+x_{6}^{\left(
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1+x_{2}^{\left( Z-1\right) }+x_{4}^{\left( Z-1\right) }+x_{6}^{\left(
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Z-1\right) }\right) =\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4}x_{2}^{\left( Z-1\right)
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Z-1\right) }\right) =\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4}x_{2}^{\left( Z-1\right)
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}+\frac{1}{4}x_{4}^{\left( Z-1\right) }+\frac{1}{4}x_{6}^{\left(
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}+\frac{1}{4}x_{4}^{\left( Z-1\right) }+\frac{1}{4}x_{6}^{\left(
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Z-1\right) }$\newline$x_{6}^{\left( Z\right) }=\frac{1}{4}\left(
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Z-1\right) }$\newline$\displaystyle x_{6}^{\left( Z\right) }=\frac{1}{4}\left(
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2+x_{3}^{\left( Z-1\right) }+x_{5}^{\left( Z-1\right) }\right) =\frac
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2+x_{3}^{\left( Z-1\right) }+x_{5}^{\left( Z-1\right) }\right) =\frac
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{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}x_{3}^{\left( Z-1\right) }+\frac{1}{4}x_{5}^{\left(
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{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}x_{3}^{\left( Z-1\right) }+\frac{1}{4}x_{5}^{\left(
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Z-1\right) }$\newline\newline%
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Z-1\right) }$\newline\newline%
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\begin{tabular}
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\begin{tabular}
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[c]{l||llllll}%
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[c]{l||llllll}%
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z & $x_{1}^{\left( Z\right) }$ & $x_{2}^{\left( Z\right) }$ &
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z & $\displaystyle x_{1}^{\left( Z\right) }$ & $\displaystyle x_{2}^{\left( Z\right) }$ &
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$x_{3}^{\left( Z\right) }$ & $x_{4}^{\left( Z\right) }$ & $x_{5}^{\left(
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$x_{3}^{\left( Z\right) }$ & $\displaystyle x_{4}^{\left( Z\right) }$ & $\displaystyle x_{5}^{\left(
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Z\right) }$ & $x_{6}^{\left( Z\right) }$\\\hline\hline
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Z\right) }$ & $x_{6}^{\left( Z\right) }$\\\hline\hline
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1 & $0.5$ & $0.25$ & $0.5$ & $0.5$ & $0.25$ & $0.5$\\
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1 & $0.5$ & $0.25$ & $0.5$ & $0.5$ & $0.25$ & $0.5$\\
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2 & $0.6875$ & $0.5625$ & $0.6875$ & $0.6875$ & $0.5625$ & $0.6875$\\
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2 & $0.6875$ & $0.5625$ & $0.6875$ & $0.6875$ & $0.5625$ & $0.6875$\\
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%!TEX root=MathematikFHTW.tex
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\subsection{Öffnungswinkel zwischen zwei n-dimensionalen Vektoren $\vec{a}\neq \vec{0}$ und $\vec{b}\neq \vec{0}$}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item $\cos \left(\alpha\right)$
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\end{itemize}
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%!TEX root=MathematikFHTW.tex
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\subsection{Skalarprodukt von zwei n-dimensionalen Vektoren}
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\subsection{Skalarprodukt von zwei n-dimensionalen Vektoren}
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\begin{itemize}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item liefert einen Skalar
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\item liefert einen Skalar
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\item Berechnung: $\vec{a}=\left(a_1,\ldots,a_n\right),\;\vec{b}=\left(b_1,\ldots,b_n\right)$
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\item Berechnung: $\vec{a}=\left(a_1,\ldots,a_n\right),\;\vec{b}=\left(b_1,\ldots,b_n\right)$
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$\displaystyle<\vec{a},\vec{b}>=a_1b_1+ \ldots +a_nb_n= \sum_{i=1}^n a_1b_i $
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\item Rechenregel wie für $n=2$
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\end{itemize}
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\end{itemize}
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tikzgrafiken/Grafiken.tex
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%\documentclass[convert={density=400,outext=.png}]{standalone}
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\documentclass[11pt]{book}
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\usepackage{amssymb}
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\usepackage{pgf,tikz,pgfplots}
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\usetikzlibrary{calc}
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\usetikzlibrary{arrows,shapes,calc,decorations.pathreplacing,fit,positioning,backgrounds}
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\usetikzlibrary{shadings,patterns}
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\usepackage{pst-fractal}
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\definecolor{azure}{rgb}{0.0, 0.5, 1.0}
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\begin{document}
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\input{tikz_3_2.tex}
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\newpage
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\input{tikz_3_3.tex}
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\end{document}
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tikzgrafiken/tikz_3_2.tex
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%!TEX root=Grafiken.tex
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\usetikzlibrary{arrows}
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\usetikzlibrary{snakes}
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\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=1.5]
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% https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/175016/how-is-arc-defined-in-tikz
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%\draw (x,y) arc (start:stop:radius); draws an arc
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%with radius radius
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%starts from (x,y)
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%with center (x-r*cos(start), y-r*sin(start)) and
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%ends at (x-r*cos(start)+r*cos(stop), y-r*sin(start)+r*sin(stop)).
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\draw[help lines] (-5,-5) grid (5,5);
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\draw[red] (1,0) arc (0:56:1) node[midway,xshift=-15, yshift=-6]{$\alpha$};
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\draw [thick,-latex] (0,0) -- (3,0);
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\draw [thick,dashed] (1,1.5) -- (4,1.5);
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\draw [thick, -latex] (0,0) -- (1,1.5);
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\draw [thick,dashed] (3,0) -- (4,1.5);
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\end{tikzpicture}
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tikzgrafiken/tikz_3_3.tex
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%!TEX root=Grafiken.tex
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\usetikzlibrary{arrows}
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\usetikzlibrary{snakes}
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\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=1.5]
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\draw[help lines] (-5,-5) grid (5,5);
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\draw [thick,-latex] (0,0) -- (3,0);
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\draw [thick,-latex] (0,0) -- (1,2);
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\draw [thick,-latex] (3,0) -- (4.2,0.5);
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\draw [thick,-latex, dashed] (0,0) -- (1.2,0.5);
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\draw [thick, dashed] (1.2,0.5) -- (4.2,0.5);
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% \draw [thick,dashed] (1,1.5) -- (4,1.5);
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% \draw [thick, -latex] (0,0) -- (1,1.5);
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% \draw [thick,dashed] (3,0) -- (4,1.5);
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\end{tikzpicture}
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Reference in New Issue
Block a user